Driverless cars
Robotaxis and hands-free driving systems
Introduction
- Category
- Self-driving ride-hailing (robotaxis) and hands-free driver-assist systems for personal cars.
- What it does
- Robotaxis carry riders with no one in the driver’s seat inside set service areas. Hands-free systems on personal cars steer and brake on mapped roads, but the driver must keep watching the road.Source: [1] Waymo Help Center, [2] Tesla, [3] Chevrolet (GM)
- Maturity
- Driverless rides are open to the public in more than a dozen U.S. metros through Waymo, with Tesla and Zoox in fewer cities. Systems you buy for your own car are still supervised: Tesla says FSD (Supervised) does not make the car autonomous.Source: [1] Waymo Help Center, [4] Tesla, [5] Robotaxi Atlas, [2] Tesla
Products
- Price band
- Robotaxi fares vary by trip and are shown in the app. Tesla FSD (Supervised) is $99/month; Ford BlueCruise is $49.99/month or $495/year after the trial; GM Super Cruise is included for 3 years on eligible new vehicles, then $39.99/month or $399/year.Source: [1] Waymo Help Center, [6] Tesla Support, [7] Ford, [3] Chevrolet (GM)
- Key specs
- Super Cruise works hands-free on more than 600,000 miles of compatible roads in the U.S. and Canada; BlueCruise on more than 130,000 miles of pre-mapped divided highways. Both use a camera to check the driver is watching.Source: [3] Chevrolet (GM), [7] Ford
- Leading makers
- Rides: Waymo (Alphabet), Tesla and Zoox (Amazon). Driver-assist: GM, Ford and Tesla.Source: [1] Waymo Help Center, [4] Tesla, [5] Robotaxi Atlas, [3] Chevrolet (GM), [7] Ford, [2] Tesla
Market
- Market size & growth
- Waymo’s rider-only fleet had driven 56.7 million miles by the cutoff of a 2025 safety study. Over 7.14 million rider-only miles, a 2023 study found 0.6 injury-reported crashes per million miles, versus 2.80 for the human benchmark.Source: [8] Kristofer D. Kusano et al., arXiv 2025, [9] Kristofer D. Kusano et al., arXiv 2023
- Main uses
- City ride-hailing, airport trips, and hands-free highway driving on personal cars.Source: [1] Waymo Help Center, [5] Robotaxi Atlas, [3] Chevrolet (GM)
Business
- Top business uses
- Robotaxi fleet cleaning and depot services, and hosting charging for electric fleets. See the Business page. Open →